- #include <iostream> 
- using namespace std; 
-   
- int f(int n, int k) { 
-     if (!n) return 0; 
-     int tmp = 1 << (n - 1); 
-     if (k < tmp) return f(n - 1, k); 
-     return tmp + f(n - 1, (1 << n) - 1 - k); 
- } 
-   
- int main() { 
-     int N, n, k; 
-     cin >> N; 
-     for (int i = N; i > 0; i--)  { 
-         cin >> n >> k; 
-         cout << f(n,k) << endl; 
-     } 
-     return 0; 
- } 
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