from collections import defaultdict
arr = [1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 1]
n = len(arr)
ump = defaultdict(int)
for i in range(n):
ump[arr[i]] += 1
maxfreqsofar = 0
for x in ump.items():
if x[1] > maxfreqsofar:
maxfreqsofar = x[1]
print("The minimum number of operations required to make all elements equal is:", n - maxfreqsofar)
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