from collections import defaultdict

arr = [1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 1]
n = len(arr)

ump = defaultdict(int)
for i in range(n):
    ump[arr[i]] += 1

maxfreqsofar = 0
for x in ump.items():
    if x[1] > maxfreqsofar:
        maxfreqsofar = x[1]

print("The minimum number of operations required to make all elements equal is:", n - maxfreqsofar)