from collections import Counter
 
lista_teste=[['Nome','Idade','Sexo','Profissão'],
			 ['Pedro','25','Masculino','Médico'],
			 ['Carlos','30','Masculino','Professor'],
			 ['Ana','32','Masculino','Médico'],
			 ['Rui','33','Masculino','Professor'],
			 ['Afonso','18','Masculino','Professor']]
 
profissoes = [pessoa[3] for pessoa in lista_teste[1:]]
totais = Counter(profissoes)
for profissao,total in totais.items(): # percorrer cada profissão e total
    print("{}={}".format(profissao, total)) # mostrar

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