#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
 
template<typename ... Args>
std::string string_format( const std::string& format, Args ... args )
{
    size_t size = snprintf( nullptr, 0, format.c_str(), args ... ) + 1; // Extra space for '\0'
    if( size <= 0 ){ throw std::runtime_error( "Error during formatting." ); }
    std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf( new char[ size ] ); 
    snprintf( buf.get(), size, format.c_str(), args ... );
    return std::string( buf.get(), buf.get() + size - 1 ); // We don't want the '\0' inside
}
 
 
// Testing
#include <iostream>
 
int main() {
	//test the function here
	std::cout << string_format("%d", 202412);
	//<test>
	return 0;
}

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