/* package whatever; // don't place package name! */
 
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
 
/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
class Ideone
{
	public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
	{
			 String str = "Hello";
    String a = str.substring(2, 4);  // a is "ll" (not "llo")
    String b = str.substring(0, 3);  // b is "Hel"
    String c = str.substring(4, 5);  // c is "o" -- the last char
    String e = str.substring(0, str.length() - 1);  // c is "o" -- the last char
    System.out.println(e);
	}
}

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