//----------------------- CODE BY AKASH,MMMUT,GORAKHPUR----------------//
/* Don't try to copy it!
nhi too,
goli maar ke chheed Kar dalunga...;););)
_/?\_
(?`_ยด)
<,?---?- - - - - - - - => - => - =>
_/?\_
*/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define mod 1000000007
#define f(i,a,b) for(ll i=a;i<b;i++)
#define imultiset multiset<ll>ms1
#define dmultiset multiset<ll,greater<ll>>ms2
#define itr multiset<ll>::iterator it
#define dpqueue priority_queue<ll>d_pq
#define ipqueue priority_queue<ll,vector<ll>,greater<ll>>i_pq
#define pdpqueue priority_queue<pair<int,int>>pair_d_pq
#define pipqueue priority_queue<pair<ll,ll>,vector<pair<ll,ll>>,greater<pair<ll,ll>>pair_i_pq
#define FAST ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL)
int main()
{
FAST;
ll t,x; cin>>t;
while(t--)
{
ll n,m,k,j;
cin>>n>>m>>k;
if(n==1 && m==1)
{
cout<<k+2<<endl;
continue;
}
ll ans=k+2;
for( j=k+3;j<k+n+m;j++)
{
ans=ans^j;
ans=ans^j;
}
ans=ans^j;
cout<<ans<<endl;
}
}
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