{$MODE Delphi}
PROGRAM sms3;
 
VAR SMSText : String[160];
 
FUNCTION Text2Keys(const T : string[160]; const WithSeparator : boolean) : string;
const Char2Phone : array['A'..'Z'] of string = ('2', '22', '222', '3', '33', '333', '4', '44', '444', '5', '55', '555', '6', '66', '666', '7', '77', '777', '7777', '8', '88', '888', '9', '99', '999', '9999');
var i : integer;
    R : string;
begin
     R := '';
     for i:=1 to length(T) do begin
         if (UpCase(T[i]) in ['A'..'Z']) then begin
            if (T[i] in ['A'..'Z']) then R := R + '#';
            R := R + Char2Phone[UpCase(T[i])]
         end else begin
             case T[i] of
                  '0'..'9' : R := R + '$' + T[i];
                  '.' : R := R + '1';
                  ',' : R := R + '11';
                  '!' : R := R + '111';
                  '?' : R := R + '1111';
                  ' ' : R := R + ' ';
             else R := R + '[?]';
             end;
         end;
         if WithSeparator and not(i = length(T)) then R := R + ';';
     end;
     Result := R;
end;
 
BEGIN
     WriteLn('Texto da SMS?');
     ReadLn(SMSText);
     WriteLn('Sequencia de tecla do telemovel:');
     WriteLn(Text2Keys(SMSText, true));
     ReadLn; // pausa
END.

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Mensagem de exemplo, com testes de números, 123, e de MaiUsCulAs.