#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
string S;
cin >> S;
long long open = 0, ans = 0;
for (char c : S) {
if (c == '(') {
open++;
} else if (c == ')') {
if (open > 0) {
open--;
ans += 2;
}
}
}
cout << ans << "\n";
return 0;
}
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