#!/bin/bash
s='I wish them a Merry Christmas'
find='e'
replace='E'
tr "$find" "$replace" <<< "$s"
awk -v f="$find" -v r="$replace" '{gsub(f, r)}1' <<< "$s"
sed 'y/e/E/' <<< "$s"
IyEvYmluL2Jhc2gKcz0nSSB3aXNoIHRoZW0gYSBNZXJyeSBDaHJpc3RtYXMnCmZpbmQ9J2UnCnJlcGxhY2U9J0UnCnRyICIkZmluZCIgIiRyZXBsYWNlIiA8PDwgIiRzIgphd2sgLXYgZj0iJGZpbmQiIC12IHI9IiRyZXBsYWNlIiAne2dzdWIoZiwgcil9MScgPDw8ICIkcyIKc2VkICd5L2UvRS8nIDw8PCAiJHMiCg==