#include<stdio.h>
char S[55];
int cnt[256], ans = 0;
int main() {
scanf("%s", S);
for (int i = 0; S[i]; i++) {
if (cnt[S[i]]) {
for (int j = 'A'; j <= 'Z'; j++) ans+=cnt[j]>cnt[S[i]];
cnt[S[i]] = 0;
}
else cnt[S[i]] = i;
}
printf("%d", ans);
return 0;
}
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