/* package whatever; // don't place package name! */
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
class Ideone
{
{
Scanner sc
= new Scanner
(System.
in); int tc=sc.nextInt();
while(tc-->0){
long n = sc.nextLong();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Long>> G = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) G.add(new ArrayList<>());
for (long i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) {
long y = sc.nextLong();
G.get((int) y).add(i);
}
ArrayList<Long> l = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<Long> r = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
long sz = G.get(i).size();
if (sz > 0) l.add(sz);
}
l.add(1L);
long c = l.size();
for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
long diff = l.get(i) - (i + 1);
if (diff > 0) r.add(diff);
}
long answer = 0;
long ty = 0;
while (ty <= 1000000000L) {
long extra = ty;
for (long val : r) {
if (val > ty) extra -= (val - ty);
}
if (extra >= 0) {
answer = ty;
break;
}
ty++;
}
System.
out.
println(c
+ answer
); }
}
}
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