/* package whatever; // don't place package name! */
 
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
 
/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
class Ideone
{
	public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
	{
		int arr[]={-1,0,3,5,9,12};
		int target=2;
		int res = upperBound(arr,target);
		System.out.println(res);
	}
 
	 static int upperBound(int[] arr, int target) {
        int ans=arr.length;
        int left=0,right=arr.length-1;
 
        while(left<=right){
            int mid = left+(right-left) / 2;
            if(arr[mid] > target){
                ans=mid;
                right = mid - 1;
            }else{
                left = mid+1;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

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