#!/bin/bash
s='[](https://i...content-available-to-author-only...d.com/comics/git.png)
a lot of text
some more text...
[](https://1...content-available-to-author-only...t.com/-Ze2SiBflkZ4/XbtF1TjELcI/AAAAAAAALL4/IDC6W-b5moU0eGu2eN60aZ4pxfXW1ybmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/take_a_break_git.gif)
some more text
another URL but not image
[https://g...content-available-to-author-only...b.com]
so on'
grep -Eo "https?://[^][ ]+\.(jpg|png|gif)" <<< "$s"
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