#!/bin/bash
string='/my/directory/file1_AAA_123_k.txt
/my/directory/file2_CCC.txt
/my/directory/file2_KK_45.txt'
sed -n 's~^.*/[^_/]*_\([^/]*\)\.[^./]*$~\1~p' <<< "$string"
sed -nE 's~^.*/[^_/]*_([^/]*)\.[^./]*$~\1~p' <<< "$string"
IyEvYmluL2Jhc2gKc3RyaW5nPScvbXkvZGlyZWN0b3J5L2ZpbGUxX0FBQV8xMjNfay50eHQgCi9teS9kaXJlY3RvcnkvZmlsZTJfQ0NDLnR4dAovbXkvZGlyZWN0b3J5L2ZpbGUyX0tLXzQ1LnR4dCcKc2VkIC1uICdzfl4uKi9bXl8vXSpfXChbXi9dKlwpXC5bXi4vXSokflwxfnAnIDw8PCAiJHN0cmluZyIKc2VkIC1uRSAnc35eLiovW15fL10qXyhbXi9dKilcLlteLi9dKiR+XDF+cCcgPDw8ICIkc3RyaW5nIg==