<?php
error_reporting(-1);
define('SUBWAY', 'sub');
define('FOOT', 'foot');
define('BUS', 'bus');

$transportName = array(
    SUBWAY  =>  'едешь на метро',
    FOOT    =>  'идешь пешком',
    BUS     =>  'едешь на автобусе'
);

$pointNames = array(
    'pet'   =>  'ст. м. Петроградская',
    'chk'   =>  'ст. м. Чкаловская',
    'gor'   =>  'ст. м. Горьковская',
    'spo'   =>  'ст. м. Спортивная',
    'vas'   =>  'ст. м. Василеостровская',
    'kre'   =>  'Петропавловская крепость',
    'let'   =>  'Летний сад',
    'dvo'   =>  'Дворцовая площадь',
    'isa'   =>  'Исакиевский собор',
    'nov'   =>  'Новая Голландия',
    'ras'   =>  'Дом Раскольникова',
    'gos'   =>  'Гостиный Двор',
    'sen'   =>  'Сенная Площадь',
    'vla'   =>  'ст. м. Владимирская',
    'vit'   =>  'Витебский вокзал',
    'teh'   =>  'Технологический Институт'
);

$paths = array(
    'pet'   =>  array(
        'chk'   =>  canGet(10, BUS),
        'gor'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'chk'   =>  array(
        'pet'   =>  canGet(10, BUS),
        'spo'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'gor'   =>  array(
        'pet'   =>  canGet(3, BUS),
        'kre'   =>  canGet(5, FOOT),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(6, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'spo'   =>  array(
        'chk'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY),
        'vas'   =>  canGet(10, BUS),
        'sen'   =>  canGet(7, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'vas'   =>  array(
        'spo'   =>  canGet(10, BUS),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(7, SUBWAY),
        'nov'   =>  canGet(11, FOOT)
    ),

    'kre'   =>  array(
        'gor'   =>  canGet(5, FOOT)
    ),

    'let'   =>  array(
        'dvo'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(7, FOOT)
    ),

    'dvo'   =>  array(
        'isa'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT),
        'let'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT)
    ),

    'isa'   =>  array(
        'dvo'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT),
        'nov'   =>  canGet(5, FOOT)
    ),

    'nov'   =>  array(
        'vas'   =>  canGet(11, FOOT),
        'isa'   =>  canGet(5, FOOT),
        'ras'   =>  canGet(7, BUS)
    ),

    'ras'   =>  array(
        'nov'   =>  canGet(7, BUS),
        'sen'   =>  canGet(3, FOOT)
    ),

    'gos'   =>  array(
        'vas'   =>  canGet(7, SUBWAY),
        'sen'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY),
        'dvo'   =>  canGet(6, FOOT),
        'gor'   =>  canGet(6, SUBWAY),
        'let'   =>  canGet(7, FOOT),
        'vla'   =>  canGet(7, FOOT)        
    ),

    'sen'   =>  array(
        'ras'   =>  canGet(3, FOOT),
        'spo'   =>  canGet(7, SUBWAY),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY),
        'vla'   =>  canGet(4, SUBWAY),
        'vit'   =>  canGet(2, SUBWAY),
        'teh'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'vla'   =>  array(
        'sen'   =>  canGet(4, SUBWAY),
        'gos'   =>  canGet(7, FOOT),
        'vit'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'vit'   =>  array(
        'sen'   =>  canGet(2, SUBWAY),
        'teh'   =>  canGet(2, SUBWAY),
        'vla'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY)
    ),

    'teh'   =>  array(
        'sen'   =>  canGet(3, SUBWAY),
        'vit'   =>  canGet(2, SUBWAY)        
    )
);

function canGet($time, $byWhat) {
    return array('time'     =>  $time, 'by' =>  $byWhat);
}

$pathDone = [];

function makeStep($paths, $pathDone, $time, $point, $target) {
	$pathDone[] = $point;
	//echo "мы на - $point -\n";
	//echo "пройденный путь :";

	
	//echo "\n";
	
	//echo "общее время $time \n";
	
	if ($point == $target) {
	echo "путь пройден за $time\n";
	echo "путь - ";
		foreach ($pathDone as $names) {
		echo " $names";
		}
	echo "\n";
	return $pathDone;
	}
	
	
	//echo "цели для след. шага:";
	foreach($paths[$point] as $name => $value) {
		if (!in_array($name, $pathDone)) {
	//		echo "- $name -\n";
			
			$time += $paths[$point][$name]['time'];
			
			$point = $name;
			
			makeStep($paths, $pathDone, $time, $point, $target);
		}
	}
}

$a = makeStep($paths, $pathDone, 0, 'pet', 'nov');

var_dump($a);