#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>

/**
 *  Similar to `optional`, but take the bool as argument.
 */
template <typename T>
class out_optional
{
public:
    out_optional() {}

    out_optional(const out_optional&) = delete;
    out_optional& operator =(const out_optional&) = delete;

    void destruct(bool b) { if (b) { reset(b); } }

    void reset(bool& b) { if (b) { reinterpret_cast<T*>(data)->~T(); b = false; } }
    void reset(bool& b, const T& value) { reset(b); new (data) T{value}; b = true; }
    void reset(bool& b, T&& value) { reset(b); new (data) T{value}; b = true; }

    const T* get_ptr(bool b) const { return b ? reinterpret_cast<T*>(data) : nullptr; }
    T* get_ptr(bool b) { return b ? reinterpret_cast<T*>(data) : nullptr; }

    const T& get(bool b) const { assert(b); return *get_ptr(b); }
    T& get(bool b) { assert(b); return *get_ptr(b); }

    // Other stuff as swap, pseudo assignment/move, more constructors

private:
    alignas(T) char data[sizeof(T)];
};

/**
 * 'Tuple' of optional, packaged with bool at the end.
 */
template <typename ... Ts>
struct multi_optional
{
    template <std::size_t I>
    using type = typename std::tuple_element<I, std::tuple<Ts...>>::type;

    static_assert(std::is_same<int, type<0>>::value, "");
public:
    multi_optional() = default;

    ~multi_optional()
    {
        destruct(std::index_sequence_for<Ts...>());
    }

    multi_optional(const multi_optional&) = delete; // To be implemented.
    multi_optional& operator =(const multi_optional&) = delete; // To be implemented.

    template <std::size_t I>
    const auto* get_ptr() const { return std::get<I>(data).get_ptr(flags[I]); }

    template <std::size_t I>
    auto* get_ptr() { return std::get<I>(data).get_ptr(flags[I]); }

    template <std::size_t I>
    const auto& get() const { return std::get<I>(data).get(flags[I]); }

    template <std::size_t I>
    auto& get() { return std::get<I>(data).get(flags[I]); }

    template <std::size_t I>
    void reset() { return std::get<I>(data).reset(flags[I]); }

    template <std::size_t I>
    void reset(const type<I>& value) { return std::get<I>(data).reset(flags[I], value); }

private:
    template <std::size_t ... Is>
    void destruct(std::index_sequence<Is...>)
    {
        int dummy[] = { 0, (std::get<Is>(data).destruct(flags[Is]), 0)... };
        static_cast<void>(dummy);
    }

private:
    std::tuple<out_optional<Ts>...> data;
    std::array<bool, sizeof...(Ts)> flags = {{}};
};

int main() {
    multi_optional<int, std::string> m;

    assert(m.get_ptr<0>() == nullptr);
    assert(m.get_ptr<1>() == nullptr);

    m.reset<0>(42);
    m.reset<1>("hello");

    std::cout << m.get<1>() << m.get<0>() << std::endl;

    m.reset<0>();
    m.reset<1>();

    assert(m.get_ptr<0>() == nullptr);
    assert(m.get_ptr<1>() == nullptr);
}