<?php

/**
 * Ideone usa uma versão antiga do php, mas basta usar a função abaixo
 * que funciona exatamente igual a implementação do php 5.5
 * 
 * Basta dar um include da função abaixo no seu projeto
 * https://g...content-available-to-author-only...b.com/ramsey/array_column 
 * 
 */
if (!function_exists('array_column')) {
    /**
     * Returns the values from a single column of the input array, identified by
     * the $columnKey.
     *
     * Optionally, you may provide an $indexKey to index the values in the returned
     * array by the values from the $indexKey column in the input array.
     *
     * @param array $input A multi-dimensional array (record set) from which to pull
     *                     a column of values.
     * @param mixed $columnKey The column of values to return. This value may be the
     *                         integer key of the column you wish to retrieve, or it
     *                         may be the string key name for an associative array.
     * @param mixed $indexKey (Optional.) The column to use as the index/keys for
     *                        the returned array. This value may be the integer key
     *                        of the column, or it may be the string key name.
     * @return array
     */
    function array_column($input = null, $columnKey = null, $indexKey = null)
    {
        // Using func_get_args() in order to check for proper number of
        // parameters and trigger errors exactly as the built-in array_column()
        // does in PHP 5.5.
        $argc = func_num_args();
        $params = func_get_args();
        if ($argc < 2) {
            trigger_error("array_column() expects at least 2 parameters, {$argc} given", E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        if (!is_array($params[0])) {
            trigger_error('array_column() expects parameter 1 to be array, ' . gettype($params[0]) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        if (!is_int($params[1])
            && !is_float($params[1])
            && !is_string($params[1])
            && $params[1] !== null
            && !(is_object($params[1]) && method_exists($params[1], '__toString'))
        ) {
            trigger_error('array_column(): The column key should be either a string or an integer', E_USER_WARNING);
            return false;
        }
        if (isset($params[2])
            && !is_int($params[2])
            && !is_float($params[2])
            && !is_string($params[2])
            && !(is_object($params[2]) && method_exists($params[2], '__toString'))
        ) {
            trigger_error('array_column(): The index key should be either a string or an integer', E_USER_WARNING);
            return false;
        }
        $paramsInput = $params[0];
        $paramsColumnKey = ($params[1] !== null) ? (string) $params[1] : null;
        $paramsIndexKey = null;
        if (isset($params[2])) {
            if (is_float($params[2]) || is_int($params[2])) {
                $paramsIndexKey = (int) $params[2];
            } else {
                $paramsIndexKey = (string) $params[2];
            }
        }
        $resultArray = array();
        foreach ($paramsInput as $row) {
            $key = $value = null;
            $keySet = $valueSet = false;
            if ($paramsIndexKey !== null && array_key_exists($paramsIndexKey, $row)) {
                $keySet = true;
                $key = (string) $row[$paramsIndexKey];
            }
            if ($paramsColumnKey === null) {
                $valueSet = true;
                $value = $row;
            } elseif (is_array($row) && array_key_exists($paramsColumnKey, $row)) {
                $valueSet = true;
                $value = $row[$paramsColumnKey];
            }
            if ($valueSet) {
                if ($keySet) {
                    $resultArray[$key] = $value;
                } else {
                    $resultArray[] = $value;
                }
            }
        }
        return $resultArray;
    }
}

    $array = [
    	['nome' => 'Luis', 'id' => 31], 
    	['nome' => 'Rui', 'id' => 42],
    	['nome' => 'Joao', 'id' => 113],
    	['nome' => 'Joaquim', 'id' => 434],
    	['nome' => 'Jorge', 'id' => 503],
    ];

    var_dump(array_column($array, 'nome'));
    
    // Se quiser, pode aproveitar uma segunda coluna para usar como key do novo array
    var_dump(array_column($array, 'nome', 'id'));