package SimpleDB;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Scanner;

/*
 * A DB contains a sequence of uncommitted Transaction Blocks.
 */
public class Database {
	private LinkedList<TransactionBlock> blocks;

	// Initialize db with an initial transaction block to hold transaction history
	public Database(){
		blocks = new LinkedList<TransactionBlock>();
		blocks.add(new TransactionBlock());
	}
	
	// Set the variable name to the value. 
	public void set(String name, Integer value){
		blocks.getLast().set(name, value);
	}
	
	// Get the value of the variable name, or NULL if that variable is not set.
	public Integer get(String name){
		return blocks.getLast().get(name);
	}
	
	// Return the number of variables that are currently set to value. If no variables equal that value, print 0.
	public Integer numEqualTo(Integer value){
		return blocks.getLast().numEqualTo(value);
	}
	
	// Close all open transaction blocks, permanently applying the changes made in them. Return false if no transaction is in progress.
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public boolean commit() {
		if (blocks.size() <= 1) return false;
		
		HashMap<String, Integer> name_value = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
		HashMap<Integer, Integer> value_counter = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();

		ListIterator<TransactionBlock> iterator = blocks.listIterator();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			TransactionBlock block = iterator.next();
			name_value.putAll((Map<? extends String, ? extends Integer>) block.getNameValue());
		}
		
		for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : name_value.entrySet()) {
			Integer value = entry.getValue();
			if(value_counter.get(value) == null){
				value_counter.put(value, new Integer(1));
			}
			else{
				value_counter.put(value, new Integer(value_counter.get(value) + 1));
			}
			name_value.put(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
		}		
		
		blocks = new LinkedList<TransactionBlock>();
		blocks.add(new TransactionBlock(name_value, value_counter));

		return true;
	}
	
	// Undo all of the commands issued in the most recent transaction block, and discard the block. Return false if no previous block to roll back to.
	public boolean rollBack(){
		if (blocks.size() <= 1) return false;
		blocks.removeLast();
		return true;
	}
	
	// Open a new transaction block.Transaction blocks can be nested; a BEGIN can be issued inside of an existing block.
	public void begin(){
		TransactionBlock block = new TransactionBlock();
		block.setPrev(blocks.getLast());
		blocks.add(block);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Database db = new Database();
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		scanner.useDelimiter("\\s+"); // space delimited
		String cmdLine; // cmdLine is typically 'cmd' followed by 'key' followed by 'value'
		while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
			cmdLine = scanner.nextLine();
			String[] tokens = cmdLine.split("\\s+");
			String cmd = tokens[0];
			String name;
			Integer value;
			try {
				switch (cmd) {
				case "GET":
					name = tokens[1];
					System.out.println(db.get(name) != null ? db.get(name):"NULL");
					break;
				case "SET":
					name = tokens[1];
					value = Integer.parseInt(tokens[2]);
					db.set(name, value);
					break;
				case "UNSET":
					name = tokens[1];
					db.set(name, null);
					break;
				case "NUMEQUALTO":
					value = Integer.parseInt(tokens[1]);
					System.out.println(db.numEqualTo(value));
					break;
				case "BEGIN":
					db.begin();
					break;
				case "ROLLBACK":
					if (!db.rollBack()) System.out.println("NO TRANSACTION");
					break;
				case "COMMIT":
					if (!db.commit()) System.out.println("NO TRANSACTION");
					break;					
				case "END":
					return;
				case "":
					break;
				default:
					System.out.println("Invalid command: " + cmd );
				}
			} catch (NumberFormatException e) {			// SET n a
				System.out.println("Invalid number format: " + cmdLine );
			} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {// GET
				System.out.println("Possibly missing operand: " + cmdLine );
			}
		}
		scanner.close();
	}
}

/**
 * A transaction block conceptually includes all past uncommitted transactions accessible through traversing to the previous transaction block.
 */
class TransactionBlock {	
	private TransactionBlock prev;	// point to the immediate past TransactionBlock
	
	// Delta only. Not the full transaction history.
	private HashMap<String, Integer> name_value = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
	private HashMap<Integer, Integer> value_counter = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); 
	
	public TransactionBlock(){}
	
	public void setPrev(TransactionBlock block) {
		prev = block;
	}

	public TransactionBlock(HashMap<String, Integer>nameValue, HashMap<Integer, Integer>valueCounter){
		name_value = nameValue;
		value_counter = valueCounter;
	}
	
	public HashMap<String, Integer> getNameValue(){
		return name_value;
	}
	
	// Set the variable name to the value and maintain delta counter.
	public void set(String name, Integer currentValue){
		
		// maintain delta value_counter, decrease counter of old 'name' value
		Integer prevValue = get(name);
		if (prevValue != null){
			Integer prevValueCounter = numEqualTo(prevValue);
			value_counter.put(prevValue, --prevValueCounter);
		}
		
		// maintain delta value_counter, increase counter of new 'name' value
		Integer currentValueCounter = numEqualTo(currentValue);
		if (currentValue != null) {
			if (currentValueCounter != null) {
				value_counter.put(currentValue, ++currentValueCounter);
			} else {
				value_counter.put(currentValue, new Integer(1));
			}
		}

		name_value.put(name, currentValue);
	}
	
	// Get the value for the given name
	public Integer get(String name) {
		TransactionBlock block = this;
		Integer value = block.name_value.get(name);
		while(!block.name_value.containsKey(name) && block.prev != null){
			block = block.prev;
			value = block.name_value.get(name);
		}
		return value;
	}

	// Print out the number of variables that are currently set to value. If no variables equal that value, print 0.
	public Integer numEqualTo(Integer value){
		if (value == null) return 0;
		
		TransactionBlock block = this;
		Integer counter = block.value_counter.get(value);
		while(counter == null && block.prev != null){
			block = block.prev;
			counter = block.value_counter.get(value);
		}
		
		if (counter == null)
			return 0;
		else{
			return counter;	
		}
	}
}