#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
{
  my @result_a = ( [qw( element before after diff )] );
  foreach my $elem (
    '1',
    'i',
    'sprintf("%d",i)',
    'sprintf("%d",i) + 0',
    'sprintf("%d",i) ""',
   ) {
    my $source = "function cb( i){ return $elem;}";
    open( my $fh,'-|','gawk','--source',$source,'-f','b.awk') || die( $!);
    my @r_a = <$fh>;
    my ( $before,$after) = map { ( split(' ',$r_a[$_]))[1] } 1,3;
    push( @result_a,[$elem,$before,$after,$after - $before]);
  }
  printf("%-25s  %7s %7s %7s\n",@{ $_ }) foreach @result_a;
}
 
# b.awk
 
function do_ps(){ system("ps p $PPID o pid,sz,args") }
BEGIN {
 do_ps();
 for ( i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){ a[i] = cb(i) }
 do_ps();
}
 

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