int area(int length, int width){ return length*width; } int framed_area(int x, int y){ return area(x-2,y-2); } int main() { int x=-1; int y=2; int z=4; int area1=area(x,y); int area2=framed_area(1,z); int area3=framed_area(y,z); double ratio=double(area1)/area3;// double division! return 0; }