#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int t;
cin>>t;
while(t--){
int n,m,k;
cin>>n>>m>>k;
vector<int> v(n);
map<int,int> p;
int max_ele=0;
for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>v[i];
max_ele=max(v[i],max_ele);
p[v[i]]++;
}
int mini=k,f=1;
int j=0;
while(m>0 && mini==k && j<=max_ele){
if (p.find(j)==p.end() && j<mini){
cout<<"NO"<<endl;
f=0;
break;
}
if (j==mini){j++;continue;}
m-=p[j];
j++;
}
if (m<=0 && f==1 && j>=mini ){cout<<"YES"<<endl;}
else if (f==1){cout<<"NO"<<endl;}
}
}
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