#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<set>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>
#include<ctime>
#define MX 100000
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fs first
#define sec second
#define sc scanf
#define pr printf
using namespace std;
vector<int> v[1001];
bool vis[1001];
int c;
void initial(){
for(int i=0;i<=1001;++i)
{
vis[i]=false;
}
}
void dfs(int s){
vis[s]=true;
c=c+1;
for(int i=0;i<v[s].size();++i){
if(vis[v[s][i]]==false)
dfs(v[s][i]);
}
}
int main()
{
//freopen("t10.txt", "r", stdin); // line1
//freopen("o10.txt", "w", stdout);
int min=10000000;
int n,m,i,j,a,b,k;
cin>>n>>m>>k;
while(m--){
cin>>a>>b;
v[a].push_back(b);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
initial();
c=0;
dfs(i);
if(min>c)
min=c;
}
cout<<min*k;
return 0;
}
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