<?php
$str = '<p>"bla" bla</p>';
$new = preg_replace( '~(?<=^<p>)(\W*)(\w)(?=[\s\S]*</p>$)~i', '$1<span class="first_letter">$2</span>',
$str );
echo $new."\n";
?>
PD9waHAKICAkc3RyID0gJzxwPiJibGEiIGJsYTwvcD4nOwoKICAkbmV3ID0gcHJlZ19yZXBsYWNlKCAnfig/PD1ePHA+KShcVyopKFx3KSg/PVtcc1xTXSo8L3A+JCl+aScsCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgJyQxPHNwYW4gY2xhc3M9ImZpcnN0X2xldHRlciI+JDI8L3NwYW4+JywKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAkc3RyICk7CiAgZWNobyAkbmV3LiJcbiI7Cj8+Cg==