#include <iostream>
 
struct A
{
    A( int i ) : v(i)
    {
        if( v > 102 ) { std::cout << "\n*** throw ***\n\n" ; throw 100 ; }
        std::cout << "A::constructor v == " << v << " -- " ;
    }
    ~A() { std::cout << "A::destructor v == " << v << '\n' ; }
 
    const int v ;
};
 
struct B
{
    B( int i ) : a(i) { std::cout << "B::constructor: object at " << this << '\n' ; }
    ~B() { std::cout << "B::destructor: object at " << this << " -- " ; }
 
    A a ;
};
 
struct C
{
    C( int i ) : one(i), many { i+1, i+2, i+3, i+4 }
    { std::cout << "C::constructor\n" ; }
 
    ~C() { std::cout << "C::destructor\n" ; }
 
    B one ;
    B many[4] ;
 
    static void* operator new( std::size_t sz )
    { std::cout << "\n+++ C::operator new\n\n" ; return ::new char[sz] ; }
 
    static void operator delete( void* p )
    {
        std::cout << "\n+++ C::operator delete\n\n" ;
        return ::delete static_cast<char*>(p) ;
    }
 
    // ... new[], delete[]
};
 
int main()
{
    // no exceptions are thrown
    try { C c1(0) ; std::cout << "ok\n" ; }
    catch( int ) { std::cout << "constructor of c1 threw\n" ; }
    // objects constructed are destroyed in reverse order
 
    std::cout << "\n-------------------------------------\n" ;
 
    // constructor of C : first construct members (5 object of type B)
    //   each constructor of B : first construct members (an object of type A)
    //       constructor of A
    // after three objects of type B are created, C::one, C::many[0], C::many[1]
    // the constructor of the fourth B C::many[2] =>
    //                          constructor of A with i == 103 => which throws
    // the objects which had been constructed are destroyed in reverse order
    // of construction: C::many[1], C::many[0], C::one
    // (each of which destroys the contained sub-object of type A)
    try { C c2(100) ; std::cout << "ok\n" ; }
    catch( int ) { std::cout << "\n*** constructor of c2 threw ***\n" ; }
 
    std::cout << "\n-------------------------------------\n" ;
 
    // same as above, the storage duration does not make a difference
    // except that memory that was allocated by C::operator new
    // would be released by C::operator delete
 
    try { C* p = new C(100) ; std::cout << "ok\n" ; delete p ; }
    catch( int ) { std::cout << "\n*** constructor of C threw ***\n" ; }
}
 

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