#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// your code goes here
char ch[105];int lwr=0,upr=0,total=0;
for(int i=0;i!='\0';i++)
{
if(ch[i]>=65 && ch[i]<=90)
upr++;
else if(ch[i]>=97 && ch[i]<=122)
lwr++;
}
if(upr>lwr)
{
for(int i=0;i!='\0';i++)
{
if(ch[i]>=97 && ch[i]<=122)
{
total++;
}
}
cout<<total;
}
else if(lwr>=upr)
{
for(int i=0;i!='\0';i++)
{
if(ch[i]>=65 && ch[i]<=90)
{
total++;
}
}
cout<<total-1;
}
return 0;
}
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