#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
 
template<typename ... Args>
string string_format(const string& format, Args ... args){
    size_t size = 1 + snprintf(nullptr, 0, format.c_str(), args ...);
    unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[size]);
    snprintf(buf.get(), size, format.c_str(), args ...);
    return string(buf.get(), buf.get() + size);
}
 
int main() {
	//test the function here
	cout << string_format("%d", 202412);
	//<test>
	return 0;
}

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