<?php
$str = '5 this is 3';
$replaced = preg_replace('~(?<=\s|^)\d(?=\D|$)~', '0\\0', $str);
echo $replaced;
PD9waHAKCiAgICAkc3RyID0gJzUgdGhpcyBpcyAzJzsKICAgIAogICAgJHJlcGxhY2VkID0gcHJlZ19yZXBsYWNlKCd+KD88PVxzfF4pXGQoPz1cRHwkKX4nLCAnMFxcMCcsICRzdHIpOwogICAgCiAgICBlY2hvICRyZXBsYWNlZDs=